feat(backend): 搭建 FastAPI 分层骨架 — 配置加载 / 健康检查 / SQLAlchemy+Alembic 就位

- uv 工程（Python 3.12，pyproject + uv.lock，dev: pytest/ruff）
- 分层包结构：api / application / domain / infrastructure / quant(qlib_adapter) / agent / core
- app.core.config：加载根 config.yaml + .env，sqlite 相对路径解析到项目根 data/
- SQLAlchemy Base + Session 工厂（Infrastructure 层，业务走 Repository）
- Alembic 迁移环境就位（env.py 复用应用配置，render_as_batch 兼容 SQLite）
- GET /api/health + pytest 冒烟 6 项通过 / ruff clean / uvicorn 启动验证

backend/alembic.ini

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+[alembic]
+# 迁移脚本目录（相对 backend/，与 config.yaml database.migrations_dir 一致）
+script_location = app/infrastructure/persistence/migrations
+prepend_sys_path = .
+
+# 数据库 URL 由 migrations/env.py 从应用配置（config.yaml + .env）读取，此处留空
+sqlalchemy.url =
+
+[loggers]
+keys = root,sqlalchemy,alembic
+
+[handlers]
+keys = console
+
+[formatters]
+keys = generic
+
+[logger_root]
+level = WARNING
+handlers = console
+qualname =
+
+[logger_sqlalchemy]
+level = WARNING
+handlers =
+qualname = sqlalchemy.engine
+
+[logger_alembic]
+level = INFO
+handlers =
+qualname = alembic
+
+[handler_console]
+class = StreamHandler
+args = (sys.stderr,)
+level = NOTSET
+formatter = generic
+
+[formatter_generic]
+format = %(levelname)-5.5s [%(name)s] %(message)s
+datefmt = %H:%M:%S