feat(data): Tushare 限速退避 + 新浪兜底（财务 getFinanceReport2022 / 日K 前复权），source+adjust 口径标记

- TushareProvider：频率超限按指数退避重试（不再一次 200/min 即中断），最长等待 30s
- SinaProvider 重构（参考 cc-cursor 公开接口实现）：
  · 新增财务通道 CompanyFinanceService.getFinanceReport2022(source=gjzb) → FinancialIndicator
    （report_date / announce_date=publish_date），与 Tushare fina_indicator schema 一致
  · 日 K 保留 jsonp（前复权），统一 UA + 重试
  · 不支持方法仍抛 DataSourceNotSupported（复权因子/交易日历/基础信息）
- FailoverProvider 现在可对 daily 与 financial 兜底（CLI _failover_provider 接 SinaProvider）
- DailyBar + stock_daily 表新增 source/adjust 列：新浪兜底行标记 sina/qfq，
  Tushare 恢复后 --resume 按同键覆盖回不复权 → 两源格式一致且可追溯
- 迁移 91c4e27a03fb 已生成；执行需在全市场同步结束后：uv run alembic upgrade head
- 测试 34+ 项（新浪财务解析/格式一致/限速退避等）通过

backend/tests/test_sina_provider.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import json
 from datetime import date
 
 import pytest
@@ -72,6 +73,84 @@ class TestCapabilities:
         with pytest.raises(DataSourceNotSupported):
             provider.get_stock_basic()
         with pytest.raises(DataSourceNotSupported):
-            provider.get_adjust_factor("600519.SH", date(2024, 1, 1), date(2024, 1, 31))
+            provider.get_trade_cal(date(2024, 1, 1), date(2024, 1, 31))
         with pytest.raises(DataSourceNotSupported):
+            provider.get_adjust_factor("600519.SH", date(2024, 1, 1), date(2024, 1, 31))
+
+
+_FIN_PAYLOAD = json.dumps(
+    {
+        "result": {
+            "data": {
+                "report_date": [{"date_value": "2024-06-30"}, {"date_value": "2024-03-31"}],
+                "report_list": {
+                    "2024-06-30": {
+                        "publish_date": "2024-08-31",
+                        "data": [
+                            {"item_title": "基本每股收益", "item_value": "1.23"},
+                            {"item_title": "净资产收益率(ROE)", "item_value": "15.5"},
+                            {"item_title": "净利润", "item_value": "1230000000"},
+                        ],
+                    },
+                    "2024-03-31": {"publish_date": "", "data": []},
+                },
+            }
+        }
+    },
+    ensure_ascii=False,
+)
+
+
+class _FinResp:
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, *exc):
+        return False
+
+    def read(self):
+        return _FIN_PAYLOAD.encode("utf-8")
+
+
+class TestFinancial:
+    def test_parse_schema_parity_with_tushare(self) -> None:
+        """财务 schema 与 Tushare 对齐：report_date / announce_date / 指标。"""
+        provider = SinaProvider(urlopen=lambda _req, **kw: _FinResp())
+        rows = provider.get_financial("600519.SH")
+        assert len(rows) == 1  # 无 publish_date 的行被跳过（防未来函数）
+        row = rows[0]
+        assert row.symbol == "600519.SH"
+        assert row.report_date == date(2024, 6, 30)
+        assert row.announce_date == date(2024, 8, 31)
+        assert float(row.eps) == 1.23
+        assert float(row.roe) == 15.5
+        assert float(row.net_profit) == 1230000000
+        # FinancialIndicator 校验能通过 → 格式与 Tushare 一致
+        assert row.model_dump()["eps"] is not None
+
+    def test_bad_structure_raises(self) -> None:
+        class _BadResp(_FinResp):
+            def read(self):
+                return b'{"result": {}}'
+
+        provider = SinaProvider(urlopen=lambda _req, **kw: _BadResp())
+        try:
             provider.get_financial("600519.SH")
+        except DataSourceError:
+            return
+        raise AssertionError("应抛 DataSourceError")
+
+
+class TestFormatParity:
+    """两源格式一致：统一 DailyBar schema，新浪兜底行带 source/adjust 标记。"""
+
+    def test_sina_bar_marks_source_and_adjust(self) -> None:
+        provider = SinaProvider(urlopen=lambda _url, **kw: _FakeResp())
+        bars = provider.get_daily("600519.SH", date(2024, 8, 30), date(2024, 8, 30))
+        assert len(bars) == 1
+        bar = bars[0]
+        assert bar.source == "sina"
+        assert bar.adjust == "qfq"  # 新浪为前复权，与 Tushare 不复权主口径区分
+        # 与 Tushare 同 schema：必备字段齐全
+        assert bar.symbol == "600519.SH"
+        assert bar.close is not None

backend/tests/test_tushare_provider.py

@@ -148,3 +148,24 @@ class TestCall:
     def test_missing_token_rejected(self) -> None:
         with pytest.raises(DataSourceAuthenticationError, match="TUSHARE_TOKEN"):
             TushareProvider(token="")
+
+
+class TestRateLimitBackoff:
+    def test_rate_limit_retries_with_sleep(self) -> None:
+        """频率超限：按退避等待后重试，最终抛错带原始信息（不当作鉴权错误）。"""
+        import app.infrastructure.data_sources.tushare as ts_mod
+
+        orig_sleep = ts_mod.time.sleep
+        sleeps: list[float] = []
+        ts_mod.time.sleep = lambda w: sleeps.append(w)  # noqa: SLF001 —— 测试桩
+        try:
+            provider = _pro(
+                error=RuntimeError("抱歉，您访问接口(adj_factor)频率超限(200次/分钟)"), retries=3
+            )
+            provider._rate_limit_wait = 0.1  # noqa: SLF001
+            with pytest.raises(DataSourceError, match="频率超限"):
+                provider.get_stock_basic()
+        finally:
+            ts_mod.time.sleep = orig_sleep
+        assert len(provider._pro.calls) == 3  # noqa: SLF001 —— 完整重试 3 次
+        assert len(sleeps) >= 2