feat(quant): QlibEngine v1 — 本地行情落盘 QlibDataset → D.features 读取 → 因子回测

- qlib_adapter/provider.py:SQLite 行情按 qlib 0.9.8 二进制格式落盘(起始索引头 + 逐日 float32、instruments 3 列、小写 instrument、晚上市 offset)
- qlib_adapter/dataset.py:qlib.init 幂等({'day': uri})+ D.features 读取 close 面板
- qlib_adapter/engine.py:QlibEngine(QuantEngine)v1 —— Qlib 数据管线回测与 LocalEngine 同记账规则(无未来函数/成本/涨跌停标注),factor_test 复用共享实现;Alpha158+LightGBM 为 TODO
- 真实 20 股验证:qlib 落盘 142 文件→读取→回测(-12.81%,Local 对照 -12.97%,差异为 qlib float32 存储)
- tests/test_qlib_engine.py 5 项(格式/roundtrip/晚上市 offset/回测/因子测试)→ pytest 86 passed / ruff clean
This commit is contained in:
Simon
2026-09-06 18:20:28 +08:00
parent 880f4c50fe
commit b8f67f99ae
5 changed files with 309 additions and 19 deletions
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"""Qlib 数据读取(dataset):qlib.init 幂等 + 从 provider_uri 读行情面板。"""
from __future__ import annotations
from datetime import date
from pathlib import Path
import pandas as pd
_init_state: dict = {"uri": None}
def ensure_qlib_init(provider_uri: Path) -> None:
"""初始化 qlib(进程内同 uri 幂等;不同 uri 会重新 init)。"""
if _init_state["uri"] == str(provider_uri):
return
import qlib
from qlib.config import REG_CN
qlib.init(provider_uri={"day": str(provider_uri)}, region=REG_CN)
_init_state["uri"] = str(provider_uri)
def load_close_panel(
provider_uri: Path,
symbols: list[str],
start: date,
end: date,
) -> pd.DataFrame:
"""经 qlib D.features 读取 $close,返回 date×symbol 面板(index datetime)。"""
ensure_qlib_init(provider_uri)
from qlib.data import D
lower = [s.lower() for s in symbols]
df = D.features(
lower,
["$close"],
start_time=start.strftime("%Y-%m-%d"),
end_time=end.strftime("%Y-%m-%d"),
freq="day",
)
if df.empty:
return pd.DataFrame()
close = df["$close"].unstack(level="instrument")
close.index = pd.to_datetime(close.index)
close.columns = [c.upper() for c in close.columns]
return close.sort_index()
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"""Qlib 后端引擎(桥接占位)。
"""QlibEngine —— 基于 Qlib 数据管线的研究引擎(QuantEngine 实现)。
本模块是 Qlib 引擎的桥接边界(AGENT.md §14 / §15:Qlib 只允许在
quant/qlib_adapter/ 内被引用)。Qlib(pyqlib)已通过「源码 git 安装」成功
部署到本机(Linux aarch64 + CPython 3.12,backend/.venv,uv 管理;
backend/pyproject.toml 固定 commit,细节见 docs/ROADMAP.md §2 备注)。
v1 能力(本阶段已打通并测试):
1. provider.build_qlib_dataset:把本地行情按 qlib 二进制格式落盘(data/qlib)
2. dataset.ensure_qlib_init + D.features:从 QlibDataset 读取行情(真实 qlib 通路)
3. 在 Qlib 读取的行情面板上执行 TopK 因子回测 → 标准 BacktestResult
(与 LocalEngine 记账规则一致:无未来函数、成本/涨跌停/停牌近似 + unimplemented 标注)
基于 Qlib 的因子 / 回测工作流(Parquet/本地行情 → QlibDataset → Alpha158 →
LightGBM 训练/预测 → 回测,并归一化为 domain.entities.research 输出)属
Phase 2 后续实现;当前默认研究引擎仍为 LocalEngine(纯 pandas,见
app/quant/engine.py),业务层经 QuantEngine Protocol 注入,切换无需改业务代码。
说明:
- 因子分(score)在源行情上按 app.quant.factors 计算(注册表口径一致);
qlib 侧负责数据读取供给(未来可由 Qlib Dataset 直接产出特征)。
- Alpha158 特征集 + LightGBM 预测信号的模型增强(walk-forward 训练/预测)为下一步
TODO,详见 docs/ROADMAP.md §2 与 docs/QLIB_VERIFICATION.md。
- 默认研究引擎仍是 LocalEngine(app/quant/engine.py);切换只需注入本类。
"""
from __future__ import annotations
from pathlib import Path
import pandas as pd
from app.domain.entities.research import BacktestResult, FactorTestReport, ResearchSpec
from app.quant.engine import QuantEngine
_MSG = (
"Qlib 引擎工作流尚未实现:pyqlib 现已可在本机安装使用(见 docs/ROADMAP.md §2),"
"但 QlibDataset → LightGBM 的实现待 Phase 2 补齐。当前请使用默认 LocalEngine。"
from app.quant.local_engine import (
TopKBacktestRunner,
build_factor_panels,
composite_score,
run_spec_factor_test,
)
from app.quant.qlib_adapter.dataset import ensure_qlib_init, load_close_panel
from app.quant.qlib_adapter.provider import build_qlib_dataset
_ENGINE_NOTE = "QlibEngine v1:本地行情→QlibDataset(bin)→D.features 读取→TopK 因子回测"
class QlibEngine(QuantEngine):
"""pyqlib 后端占位:抛 NotImplementedError 并给出启用指引。"""
"""基于 Qlib 数据管线的引擎;因子评估复用共享实现,回测从 QlibDataset 读取行情。"""
name = "qlib"
def __init__(self, qlib_dir: Path | None = None) -> None:
# 默认落盘到 data/qlib(与 storage.qlib_dir 一致);可注入临时目录便于测试
self.qlib_dir = qlib_dir or _default_qlib_dir()
def run_factor_test(
self, daily: pd.DataFrame, spec: ResearchSpec, horizon_days: int = 21
) -> FactorTestReport:
raise NotImplementedError(_MSG)
# 因子评估与数据无关,直接复用共享实现(与 LocalEngine 同口径)
report, _panels = run_spec_factor_test(daily, spec, horizon_days)
return report
def run_backtest(self, daily: pd.DataFrame, spec: ResearchSpec) -> BacktestResult:
raise NotImplementedError(_MSG)
panels = build_factor_panels(daily, spec.factors)
score = composite_score(panels)
self.qlib_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
uri = build_qlib_dataset(daily, self.qlib_dir)
ensure_qlib_init(uri)
symbols = [str(s) for s in daily["symbol"].unique()]
start, end = spec.period
close = load_close_panel(uri, symbols, start, end)
if close.empty:
raise RuntimeError(
"QlibDataset 读取为空:请检查 build_qlib_dataset 落盘与 provider_uri"
)
close = close.sort_index()
result = TopKBacktestRunner(spec, score, close).run()
result.config_snapshot = spec.model_dump(mode="json")
note = _ENGINE_NOTE
result.unimplemented = [note, *result.unimplemented]
return result
def _default_qlib_dir() -> Path:
from app.core.config import PROJECT_ROOT
return PROJECT_ROOT / "data" / "qlib"
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"""Qlib 数据落盘 Provider(qlib_adapter 内部,业务层不直接 import)。
把本地行情长表(来自 SQLite,见 quant.service.bars_to_daily_df)按 qlib 0.9.8
的二进制格式导出到指定目录(provider_uri),供 qlib D.features 读取。
格式要点(来自实测 qlib 0.9.8.dev32 与源码 file_storage):
- instruments 文件 3 列:instrument\\tstart\\tend(instrument 全小写)
- feature bin 布局:首 4 字节 float32 = 该股票在全局日历中的起始下标,
其后每个交易日一个 float32(停牌/缺失为 NaN)
- provider_uri 需以 {"day": <目录>} 传入 qlib.init
"""
from __future__ import annotations
from pathlib import Path
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
# qlib 消费侧字段(Alpha158 依赖:close/open/high/low/volume/amount/vwap/factor)
DUMP_FIELDS = ["open", "high", "low", "close", "volume", "amount", "vwap", "factor"]
def _synth_vwap(daily: pd.DataFrame) -> pd.Series:
"""vwap = amount / volume(真实口径);volume 为 0 时取 close。"""
vol = daily["volume"].replace(0, pd.NA)
vwap = daily["amount"] / vol
return vwap.fillna(daily["close"])
def build_qlib_dataset(
daily: pd.DataFrame,
out_dir: Path,
*,
fields: tuple[str, ...] = DUMP_FIELDS,
add_vwap: bool = True,
) -> Path:
"""把长表行情落盘为 qlib 数据集目录;返回 out_dir(provider_uri)。"""
if daily.empty:
raise ValueError("无行情数据可导出 Qlib 数据集")
out_dir = Path(out_dir)
cal_file = out_dir / "calendars" / "day.txt"
cal_file.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
(out_dir / "instruments").mkdir(exist_ok=True)
feat_root = out_dir / "features"
df = daily.copy()
if add_vwap and "amount" in df.columns and "volume" in df.columns:
df["vwap"] = _synth_vwap(df)
calendar = sorted(df["trade_date"].unique())
if not isinstance(calendar[0], (pd.Timestamp, np.datetime64)):
calendar = pd.to_datetime(calendar).sort_values().tolist()
cal_idx = {day: i for i, day in enumerate(calendar)}
cal_file.write_text(
"\n".join(pd.Timestamp(d).strftime("%Y-%m-%d") for d in calendar), encoding="utf-8"
)
inst_lines: list[str] = []
for symbol, group in df.groupby("symbol"):
symbol = str(symbol).lower()
dates = sorted(pd.to_datetime(group["trade_date"]))
start_idx = cal_idx[dates[0]]
end_idx = cal_idx[dates[-1]]
inst_lines.append(
f"{symbol}\t{pd.Timestamp(dates[0]).strftime('%Y-%m-%d')}"
f"\t{pd.Timestamp(dates[-1]).strftime('%Y-%m-%d')}"
)
sym_dir = feat_root / symbol
sym_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
per_date = group.set_index(pd.to_datetime(group["trade_date"]))
for field in fields:
if field not in per_date.columns:
continue
series = per_date[field]
values = np.full(len(calendar), np.nan, dtype=np.float32)
for day, val in series.items():
if pd.isna(val):
continue
try:
values[cal_idx[day]] = float(val)
except (TypeError, ValueError, KeyError):
continue
payload = np.hstack(
[np.asarray([float(start_idx)], dtype=np.float32), values[start_idx : end_idx + 1]]
).astype("<f")
(sym_dir / f"{field}.day.bin").write_bytes(payload.tobytes())
(out_dir / "instruments" / "all.txt").write_text("\n".join(inst_lines), encoding="utf-8")
return out_dir
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"""QlibEngine 数据管线测试:落盘格式、D.features 读回、端到端回测(合成数据、临时 qlib 目录)。"""
from __future__ import annotations
from datetime import date
from pathlib import Path
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import pytest
from app.domain.entities.research import ResearchSpec, UniverseSpec
from app.quant.qlib_adapter.dataset import load_close_panel
from app.quant.qlib_adapter.engine import QlibEngine
from app.quant.qlib_adapter.provider import build_qlib_dataset
from conftest_quant import synthetic_daily
def _daily5(n: int = 220) -> pd.DataFrame:
drifts = {
"600519.SH": 0.004,
"600036.SH": 0.002,
"601318.SH": 0.001,
"000001.SZ": -0.001,
"600030.SH": -0.003,
}
return synthetic_daily(drifts, n=n)
def _spec(**kw) -> ResearchSpec:
base = dict(
type="backtest",
universe=UniverseSpec(exclude_st=False, min_listing_days=0),
factors=[{"name": "momentum_60", "weight": 1.0}],
selection={"top_n": 2},
rebalance="monthly",
period=(date(2024, 5, 1), date(2024, 8, 31)),
)
base.update(kw)
return ResearchSpec.model_validate(base)
class TestProviderFormat:
def test_bin_has_start_index_header(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
daily = synthetic_daily({"600519.SH": 0.003, "600036.SH": -0.001}, n=200)
uri = build_qlib_dataset(daily, tmp_path)
cal = (uri / "calendars" / "day.txt").read_text().strip().splitlines()
assert len(cal) == 200
inst_line = (uri / "instruments" / "all.txt").read_text().strip().splitlines()[0]
assert inst_line.count("\t") == 2 # 3 列,无 TYPE 列
# 落盘目录用小写 instrument;bin 首 4 字节 = 起始日历下标
raw = (uri / "features" / "600519.sh" / "close.day.bin").read_bytes()
assert np.frombuffer(raw[:4], dtype="<f")[0] == pytest.approx(0.0)
assert len(raw) // 4 - 1 == 200 # 数据长度 = 日历交易日数
def test_bin_with_late_listing(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
daily = synthetic_daily({"600000.SH": 0.002, "600001.SH": 0.001}, n=120)
days = daily["trade_date"].unique()
merged = pd.concat(
[
daily[daily["symbol"] == "600000.SH"],
daily[(daily["symbol"] == "600001.SH") & (daily["trade_date"] >= days[50])],
]
)
uri = build_qlib_dataset(merged, tmp_path)
raw = (uri / "features" / "600001.sh" / "close.day.bin").read_bytes()
assert np.frombuffer(raw[:4], dtype="<f")[0] == pytest.approx(50.0)
class TestQlibDatasetRead:
def test_load_close_panel_roundtrip(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
daily = synthetic_daily({"600519.SH": 0.003, "600036.SH": -0.001}, n=120)
uri = build_qlib_dataset(daily, tmp_path)
panel = load_close_panel(
uri, ["600519.SH", "600036.SH"], date(2024, 2, 1), date(2024, 5, 31)
)
assert len(panel) > 0
assert set(panel.columns) == {"600519.SH", "600036.SH"}
src = daily[daily["symbol"] == "600519.SH"].set_index("trade_date")["close"]
src.index = pd.to_datetime(src.index)
target = panel["600519.SH"]
overlap = src.index.intersection(target.index)
assert len(overlap) > 10
rel = (target.loc[overlap] / src.loc[overlap].astype(float) - 1).abs().max()
assert rel < 1e-3 # qlib 存储为 float32,允许微小舍入
class TestQlibEngine:
def test_backtest_via_qlib_pipeline(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
daily = _daily5()
result = QlibEngine(qlib_dir=tmp_path).run_backtest(daily, _spec())
assert result.summary.total_return_pct > 0 # 强趋势下动量择股盈利
assert len(result.equity_curve) > 50
assert any("QlibEngine v1" in u for u in result.unimplemented)
assert result.config_snapshot["factors"][0]["name"] == "momentum_60"
assert (tmp_path / "features").is_dir() # 数据确实落盘到 qlib 目录
def test_factor_test_shared_path(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
daily = _daily5()
spec = _spec()
spec.type = "factor_test"
report = QlibEngine(qlib_dir=tmp_path).run_factor_test(daily, spec)
assert report.factor_name == "momentum_60"
assert report.sample_days > 5
assert report.ic_mean > 0 # 5 只强趋势股票的截面动量 IC 为正
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## 9. 已知限制与说明
1. **Qlib 引擎**:本开发机为 Linux aarch64 + Python 3.12,pyqlib 无匹配 wheel,无法安装。
默认研究引擎为自研轻量实现(pandas);`backend/app/quant/qlib_adapter/` 保留桥接,
在受支持平台(x86_64/macOS/Windows)安装 pyqlib 后可填充实现,业务层无感。
1. **Qlib 引擎(v1 数据管线)**:pyqlib 已通过源码安装可用(qlib 0.9.8.dev32,见
docs/QLIB_VERIFICATION.md)。`app/quant/qlib_adapter/` 提供 QlibEngine:本地行情按官方
二进制格式落盘 QlibDataset → `D.features` 读取 → TopK 因子回测(与 LocalEngine 同记账
规则)。默认研究引擎仍为 LocalEngine;切换只需向 ResearchService 注入 QlibEngine。
Alpha158 特征 + LightGBM 预测信号(walk-forward)为下一步 TODO。
2. **数据规模**:仓库自带示例数据为 20 只权重股 2023–2024 日线;`sync --all` 可扩展
全市场,注意耗时与 Tushare 积分限制。
3. **回测为近似建模**:涨跌停按收盘相对上一有效收盘判定、成交假设调仓日收盘,未建模